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The renin angiotensin system RAS is a hormonal system which
2024-04-28
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a hormonal system which plays a role in the regulation of blood pressure and body fluid alltrans [14]. The main bioactive peptide of RAS is angiotensin II (Ang II) whose biological functions are interposed through angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) and angioten
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br Conclusions Our study confirms
2024-04-28
Conclusions Our study confirms that N-terminal mutations can affect Aβ fibril and oligomer formation, despite lying outside the core amyloid region of Aβ. Of the three factors that may influence Aβ-mediated toxicity (primary structure of Aβ, assembly structure and cellular responses), our results
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Another class of AMPK regulator is peptidyl prolyl
2024-04-28
Another class of AMPK regulator is peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) NIMA-interacting 1 (Pin1), which binds to a number of proteins and regulates oncogenesis and metabolic diseases (Khanal et al., 2013; Zhou and Lu, 2016). Pin1 has been shown to bind to and inhibit AMPK; therefore, at lea
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Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates intracel
2024-04-28
Calcium entry through postsynaptic NMDARs activates intracellular signaling cascades including Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin. The spatiotemporal abundance of this Ca2+/CaM complex determines the direction of synaptic plasticity, resulting in LTP (Malinow
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br Alzheimer s disease AD is an irreversible age
2024-04-28
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible, age-associated neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive decline. AD is also the leading cause of dementia, accounting for 5 million cases in the United States and 44 million cases worldwide. In 2015, AD c
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reverse transcriptase br cDNA cloning gene structure and chr
2024-04-28
cDNA cloning, gene structure and chromosomal localization The cDNA for the leukocyte-type 12S-lipoxygenase was first cloned from porcine leukocytes [9], and later from mouse [10], [11], rat [12], [13], bovine [14] and rabbit [15] sources. The cDNA for the platelet-type 12S-lipoxygenase cDNA has b
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The G R mutation is located at the solvent front
2024-04-28
The G1202R mutation is located at the solvent front of the ALK kinase domain adjacent to the inhibitor's binding pocket. Although barely reported in the setting of crizotinib resistance, it has emerged as the most refractory mutation to both the first- and second-generation ALK inhibitors. The large
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In conclusion phenolic hydroxyl was introduced not only to C
2024-04-28
In conclusion, phenolic hydroxyl was introduced not only to C3 side chain but also to C6 or C7 position of the quinoxalinone core, resulting in a new group of ARIs candidates exhibiting antioxidant activity. Biological activity tests suggested that compounds were not only sufficient to inhibit ALR2
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Sphingolipids such as ceramides and glucosylceramides
2024-04-28
Sphingolipids, such as ceramides and glucosylceramides, are an important class of bioactive lipids. The levels of these lipids change as a function of adipose tissue mass and functionality, and are partially driven by cellular availability of palmitoyl-CoA. Aberrant accumulation of ceramide, glucosy
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br Introduction br Rac dependent ROS and actin regulation in
2024-04-28
Introduction Rac1-dependent ROS and Genomic DNA Isolation Kit regulation in neuronal functions NOX-mediated ROS have an important role as physiological messengers. One remarkable example regarding such a function is during axonal formation. In this line, increased p40phox/NOX2 levels and co-l
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br Introduction ACK or Activated Cdc
2024-04-28
Introduction ACK1, or Activated Cdc42-Associated Kinase, located on chromosome 3q, is a ubiquitously expressed non-receptor tyrosine kinase cloned from a human LY2784544 cDNA library (Manser et al., 1993). It was first identified to bind to activated Cdc42, a small Ras GTPase via its CRIB domain
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TKI258 br Materials and methods br Results
2024-04-28
Materials and methods Results Bilateral microinjections (n = 6) of 10 mM ACh (300–500 pmol) and 5 mM physostigmine (150–250 pmol) at the two selected caudal NTS sites caused within 1 min significant increases in respiratory frequency (from 54.5 ± 1.7 to 70.9 ± 4.1 breaths/min; +30.8 ± 7.0%; P
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Although effects of low concentrations of agonist
2024-04-28
Although effects of low concentrations of agonist were not as thoroughly documented for heteromeric receptors such as the major NKY 80 α4β2 nAChR, a similar mechanism of action was described to explain the potentiation of these receptors with low concentrations of acetylcholine-esterase-inhibiting
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Ketoconazole receptor Fig A shows a schematic representation
2024-04-28
Fig. 2A shows a schematic representation of histological results according to the Franklin and Paxinos Mouse Brain Atlas (2001). The black circles represent the sites of drug infusion that were on-target within the amygdala. Gray circles represent the animals that had infusion locations outside the
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It has been shown that
2024-04-27
It has been shown that ACLY is localized to not only the cytoplasm but also the nucleus. Nuclear ACLY may supply acetyl-CoA for histone acetylation, leading to global regulation of the gene expression [16], [18]. We previously reported that AZ2 is also localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus whe